Since the 11C, Ioannina has been watched over by the kastro high up on the peninsula overlooking the lake, in the northeast of the city. Within the heavy surrounding wall built by Ali Pasha (early 19C), which has elements from the Byzantine era, old Ottoman houses with wooden corbels punctuate the cobbled little streets. At the end of Ioustinianou Street is the synagogue, all that remains of the Jewish presence here.